Seed Depth: 1/2 inch

Seed Spacing: 2–4 inches

Row Spacing: 12–18 inches

Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade

Days to Sprout: 5–10 days

Days to Maturity: 40–55 days

Growth Habit: Upright, compact annual

Sunlight: Thrives in full sun but tolerates partial shade, especially in warmer climates to prevent bolting.

Soil Type: Prefers loose, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0–7.5, enriched with compost or organic matter.

When to Plant: Sow seeds directly outdoors 4–6 weeks before the last frost in spring or 6–8 weeks before the first frost in fall. Spinach prefers cooler temperatures.

Direct Sowing: Plant seeds 1/2 inch deep, spacing them 2–4 inches apart in rows 12–18 inches apart. Thin seedlings to proper spacing for optimal growth.

Indoor Sowing: Start seeds indoors 2–3 weeks before transplanting for an early spring crop.

Succession Planting: Sow every 2–3 weeks for a continuous harvest during cool seasons.

Watering: Water consistently to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Spinach thrives in consistently moist conditions.

Fertilizing: Apply a nitrogen-rich fertilizer or compost at planting to encourage leafy growth.

Pruning: Harvest outer leaves regularly to encourage continued growth. Remove any yellowing leaves to maintain plant health.

Pest and Disease Control: Monitor for aphids, leaf miners, and downy mildew. Use organic treatments or row covers as needed.

When to Harvest: Harvest leaves when they are 4–6 inches long, typically 40–55 days after planting. Baby leaves can be harvested earlier for tender greens.

How to Harvest: Cut outer leaves with scissors or a sharp knife, allowing the center to continue producing. For full heads, cut the plant at the base.

Seed Collection: Allow some plants to bolt and form seeds. Harvest seeds once pods are fully dry.

Storing Seeds: Dry seeds thoroughly and store them in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.