Seed Depth: 1/4 inch

Seed Spacing: 2–3 inches

Row Spacing: 12–18 inches

Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade

Days to Sprout: 7–10 days

Days to Maturity: 40–60 days

Growth Habit: Upright, bushy annual

Sunlight: Thrives in full sun but tolerates partial shade, especially in warmer climates.

Soil Type: Prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of 6.0–7.5, enriched with compost or organic matter.

When to Plant: Sow seeds directly outdoors in early spring or late summer for fall crops. Broccoli raab prefers cooler temperatures.

Direct Sowing: Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep and 2–3 inches apart in rows 12–18 inches apart. Thin seedlings to 6 inches apart to allow for proper growth.

Indoor Sowing: Not typically needed; direct sowing works best for broccoli raab.

Succession Planting: Sow every 2–3 weeks for a continuous harvest of fresh greens.

Watering: Water deeply and consistently, keeping the soil evenly moist to prevent bolting and encourage tender leaves.

Fertilizing: Use a balanced fertilizer or compost at planting to encourage healthy foliage growth.

Pruning: Remove older leaves or flower buds as they appear to keep the plant focused on leaf production.

Pest and Disease Control: Monitor for aphids, flea beetles, and fungal diseases. Use organic treatments or row covers as needed.

When to Harvest: Harvest leaves and flower shoots when they are 4–6 inches long, typically 40–60 days after planting.

How to Harvest: Use scissors or a sharp knife to cut the leaves and tender shoots, starting from the outside of the plant to encourage continued growth.

Seed Collection: Allow some plants to bolt and flower. Collect seeds when pods are dry and mature.

Storing Seeds: Dry seeds thoroughly and store them in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.